Pregnancy brings many changes to the body, some of which can cause unexpected discomfort during intimacy. Pain during sex while pregnant is a common issue that can stem from hormonal shifts, changes in blood flow, or the many physical changes that occur that may impact the pelvic floor muscles. Understanding these factors can help expectant mothers manage discomfort and feel more confident in their bodies during this period.
Hormonal Changes Impact Vulvovaginal Health
Hormonal changes, including an increase in both estrogen and progesterone levels may impact the vulvovaginal area during pregnancy. Increased blood flow to these tissues can result in skin discoloration, swelling or edema, and varicose veins in some women. While many women experience positive changes from this hormonal shift, there is a risk for various conditions such as pelvic congestion syndrome, candida, and various vulvovaginal infections. All of which may increase pain or discomfort during intercourse, or may cause some women to avoid intercourse all together.
Increased Blood Flow and Pelvic Pressure
Pregnancy increases blood circulation throughout the body, particularly in the pelvic region. This can cause a heavy or throbbing sensation during intercourse, making certain positions feel less comfortable, or having intercourse later in the day or after exercise when swelling is already prominent. The added pressure in the lower abdomen and surrounding tissues can also lead to a feeling of fullness, which some women find unpleasant. Some women may not feel uncomfortable during intercourse, but instead experience symptoms for hours or days after intercourse.
Pelvic congestion syndrome, caused by the enlargement of blood vessels, is probably the most common issue contributing to this type of discomfort. This condition may cause deep aching pain that becomes more noticeable after intimacy or exercise, at the end of the day, or prolonged sitting or standing. Adjusting positions or engaging in gentler movements may alleviate some of this pressure; additionally, finding a pelvic floor physical therapist can help you with an individualized program specific to your needs.
Additionally, the growing uterus can press against other organs, leading to sensations of tightness or cramping. As the pregnancy progresses, this pressure may increase, making communicating with a partner about comfort levels essential. Finding positions that place less strain on the lower abdomen can help minimize pain.
Changes in Vaginal Lubrication
Hormonal fluctuations can cause some women to experience vaginal dryness, even if they previously had no issues with lubrication. This dryness can lead to increased friction during intercourse, resulting in discomfort or even mild irritation. A water-based lubricant can help compensate for this natural change and make intimacy more comfortable.
In some cases, the body may produce inconsistent amounts of lubrication depending on the stage of pregnancy. Some women report increased natural lubrication, while others experience significant dryness. Paying attention to these shifts and adjusting as needed can help maintain comfort.
Vaginal tissue may also become thinner due to hormonal changes, which can make it more prone to irritation. This can lead to a stinging or burning sensation during intercourse, particularly if the tissue is already inflamed.
Round Ligament Pain and Muscle Tightness
As the uterus expands, the round ligaments that support it stretch and can become sore. Sudden movements, including those during intercourse, can trigger sharp pain along the lower abdomen and groin area. This discomfort is usually temporary but can make intimacy less enjoyable.
Muscle tightness in the pelvic floor may also contribute to pain during sex when pregnant. Penetration can feel restricted or cause deep discomfort if the muscles become too tense. Gentle stretching exercises or pelvic floor relaxation techniques may help alleviate some of this tightness.
A pelvic wand can also help release tension in the pelvic floor muscles. Designed to target trigger points, it can help reduce discomfort associated with muscle tightness and improve overall pelvic health. If pain persists, consulting a specialist in pelvic therapy may bring additional relief.
Infections and Inflammation
Pregnancy alters the body’s immune response, sometimes making infections more common. Conditions such as yeast infections or bacterial vaginosis can lead to irritation, burning, or a persistent discomfort that worsens during intercourse. Treating infections promptly can help reduce pain and prevent further complications.
Inflammation from conditions like urinary tract infections or vaginal irritation can also contribute to discomfort. Symptoms such as itching, unusual discharge, or a strong odor may indicate an underlying issue that requires medical attention. Early treatment can help prevent prolonged discomfort and improve overall vaginal health.
Some women may also experience increased sensitivity due to minor irritations or allergic reactions to certain products. Switching to fragrance-free soaps and using gentle hygiene practices can help minimize irritation. Discussing symptoms with a healthcare expert can help identify the cause if discomfort continues.
Positioning and Uterine Pressure
As the belly grows, certain positions may become more uncomfortable due to increased uterine pressure. Some positions can strain the lower back or pelvis, making them less suitable as the pregnancy progresses. Adjusting movements or experimenting with different positions can improve comfort.
Leaning positions that allow for better weight distribution may be more comfortable in the later stages of pregnancy. Side-lying positions or those that involve less direct pressure on the abdomen can help reduce strain. Open communication with a partner about preferences can also contribute to a more comfortable experience.
In some cases, using a vibrating pelvic wand before intercourse can help relax the pelvic floor muscles and improve circulation. Stimulating blood flow and easing muscle tension may enhance comfort and make intimacy more enjoyable.
While many women do not feel comfortable lying on their back in the later stages of pregnancy, research does not support that it is unsafe nor does lying on your back reduce blood flow to the uterus, only that it is uncomfortable!
Emotional and Psychological Factors
Emotional well-being plays a significant role in physical comfort during intimacy. Anxiety about body changes, fear of hurting the baby, or past negative experiences can contribute to physical tension. Addressing these concerns openly with a partner or healthcare team can help create a more relaxed experience.
Stress can also lead to increased muscle tightness in the pelvic area, making penetration more uncomfortable. Relaxing before intimacy, practicing deep breathing, or engaging in mindfulness exercises can help ease this tension. When needed, professional counseling may give additional support.
Additionally, other symptoms such as urinary incontinence, or changes in vulvovaginal discharge and aromas, can make intercourse feel less desirable. It is understandable, and there are treatments available. If you have concerns, discuss these issues with your provider, or find a pelvic floor physical therapist or mental health therapist so that you may be better supported during this time, you are not alone.
A supportive environment and reassurance from a partner can make a difference in how the body responds during intimacy. Feeling understood and respected can help reduce anxiety and promote a more positive experience. Prioritizing emotional well-being is just as important as addressing physical discomfort.
Finding Comfort and Relief
For those experiencing ongoing discomfort, special dilators from NewFlora may help ease tension in the pelvic floor muscles. They are designed with ultra-soft medical-grade silicone and allow gentle stretching to promote relaxation and comfort. Taking proactive steps toward pelvic health can help make intimacy a more enjoyable experience during pregnancy.
